GENERAL SHORT LINUX INSTALLATION INFORMATION

 

LINUX operating systems with different distributions have different installation methods. Also, the installation of an operating system on your computer or the installation of a new LINUX (previously no operating system installed) computer will be different.

A. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Different hardware requirements may be required for each Linux distribution. However, in general we try to define the necessary equipment; First of all, advanced operating systems such as Linux operating systems PIII, P IV can work without requiring high main memory and disk capacity. It is possible to install Linux on a personal computer with an Intel 80386 processor. However, when deciding on this issue; we need to think of a hardware that we can find in the market, that we can use for multipurpose and that other applications can work on it.

Hardware Requirements:

    Minimum 32-bit Intel-based personal computer (personal) computer.

   Minimum 32 MB of main memory.

Minimum 1 GB hard disk space.

Floppy drive and CD-ROM drive.

B. OPENING ON DISC

In order to install the Linux operating system, we need enough free space on the hard disk of the computer. However, the free space must be defined as a partition. This can be done through known utilities such as Fdisk, or can be done during the installation of most Linux distributions.

Disk partitions can be created by Linux installation CDs or by any other program: If your computer has an operating system installed; Available partitions are visible. One of them is available for Linux. If an operating system is not installed on the computer; you need to create a disk partition on the disk.

C. DISK DRUID

Disk Druid Partitions is a program that is used to format a fixed dot. The new partition can also be added to the hard disk via Disk Druid, the current partition can be changed or deleted. When adding a new partition, the following information is asked:

Mount Point: where to connect the new partition.

Size (Megs): Size of the partition.

Partition Type: Linux file system for Linux native and swap for Linux Swap Partition.

If you have a SCSI disk device, name: / dev / sda

If you have an IDE disk device name: / dev / hda

Swap (swap) partitions are used to support virtual memory. If your computer has insufficient memory, it is useful to create this type of memory. Try to put the swap partition on your drive. Because the head is on the outer rollers of the head, the read / write heads can operate faster.

NOTE: For more information: www.linuxdoc.org

NOTE: These documents have been prepared by Faruk Çubukçu. The trade names and marks mentioned herein are used for information purposes and have their own privileges. These documents are not used for commercial purposes. See www.farukcubukcu.com for more information.

D. FDISK PROGRAM

Fdisk program, MSDOS, Unix and Linux-based operating systems is widely a disk partitioning program. It is used by the operating system at the command line or during installation.

The Fdisk program can display existing partitions. You can create a new partition or delete existing partitions. All operations are done by pressing one button.

E. INSTALLATION INFORMATION

Swap File: Swap file (swap file or swap space) is a field that allows the operating system to use the computer's main memory (RAM) from areas on the disk if it is insufficient during use.

NOTE: During the installation, a partition for the swap space is reserved for the linux operating system.

D. RECOGNIZING THE COMPUTER TO BE INSTALLED

As with other operating systems, it is very good to know the computer you will install the Linux operating system. The disk system, disk controller, video adapter, network adapter, modem, printer, mouse (ps / 2, serial, etc.) and other multimedia units that make up the computer must be recognized by Linux or have Linux drivers .

In addition, you will also need to create descriptive information on the computer during installation:

    Computer name (host name).

    IP address.

    The name of the domain to join if any.

E. OPENING FROM

Personal computers are opened from the drive A (floppy drive) according to the BIOS settings (editable during power-on). This means that the computer is switched on by reading the drive A and reading the inserted diskette. In this sense, the operating system is opened by reading the boot disk inserted in drive A of the computer.

F. OPENING FROM CD

Another common method is installation with operating system CDs. The CD drive is booted with a Linux CD. In this case, the boot sequence should be set to "Boot from CD-Rom" from the computer's BIOS settings.

II. INSTALLATION OPERATIONS

During the installation, the operating system, which meets the computer, directs the installation by directing the specific questions. These are: Language selection, keyboard, mouse selection, and then the installation on the disk to determine the location of the installation and copying the operating system on the disc.

At this stage you need to create or create a partition. Mounting refers to the partition on which the Linux operating system will be installed. As a result, the Linux operating system can use the partition. If not, it can be created, formatted if desired.

The disk format that Linux will use is ext2.

The most important process during the installation is the recognition of the computer's hardware units. In this case, it is necessary to know the devices well and have the necessary driver software.

A. LILO INSTALLATION

LILO (Linux Loader) is a linux operating system compatible boot manager program. Thanks to LILO, Linux and other operating systems found on the computer can be started by selecting them during startup.

B. NETWORK SETTINGS

If your computer is in a network, it will be connected to the network with a network card. In this case, the network card will need to be recognized by the operating system during installation. The computer then provides a suitable IP address to allow the computer to enter the network during the configuration process.

NOTE: As with all devices, the network card is also automatically recognized during installation or is not recognized and is introduced by installing the driver on the floppy disk.

III. SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

In Linux operating system, the system administrator's username is root. Knowing the password of the root user name can do all operations on the user or system administrator operating system authorized to use this user name.

In this sense, users who will use the Linux system must be defined. This is done by the root user.

A. CREATING A USER ACCOUNT

The adduser command is used to create a user account that is authorized to enter and use the system.

# adduser ali

A user named Ali is created.

B. CREATING GROUP ACCOUNT

If there are a large number of users who use computers within a company, it makes more sense to create group accounts based on common permission requirements instead of managing their permissions one by one and add users to these groups.

#groupadd accounting

Then to add Ali to this group:

# gpasswd da ali accounting

C. SUPER USER

The user who installs the Linux operating system is referred to as the superuser, because the system administrator determines the password of the root user. This user enters the system as an administrator (admin) and performs all operations.

# login root

password:

#

D. SYSTEM MANAGEMENT TOOLS

Super users entering the system with a root user name manage the system using a variety of tools (programs).

These tools may vary depending on the Linux distribution used. Some Linux distributions have some X Windows System configuration tool through the Control Panel window.

A widely used management tool: Linuxconf.

Linuxconf is a graphical tool used to perform many system management operations such as network management operations, file and directory operations etc. Currently many Lunixconf programs can be used for Linux distribution.

In addition to graphics, you can use Lunixconf as text-based and HTML.

D. NETWORK CONFIGURATION

Network configuration information can be made during installation and after installation. However, if you are going to join your computer to a network during installation, it is necessary to get the necessary information by consulting the administrator of the network or the administrator of the network. This information at the beginning of the workgroup or domain name, user name and password, IP address and so on.

During network configuration, the IP addresses for the network cards are first edited. This is done with the IFCONFIG command.

For example, the first network card 192.168.1.1 of the computer is given an IP address.

# / sbin / ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1